PUBLICATIONS

Papers in peer-review journals

• Malafaia, Carla (2022). 'Missing school isn’t the end of the world (actually, it might prevent it)’: Climate activists resisting adult power, repurposing privileges and reframing education. Ethnography and Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2022.2123248 Scopus

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, & Ferreira, Teresa (2022). Lowering the voting age to 16: Young people making a case for political education in fostering voting competences. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/17461979221097072 JCR Scopus

• Malafaia, Carla, & Meriluoto, Taina (2022). Making a deal with the devil? Portuguese and Finnish activists’ everyday negotiations on the value of social media. Social Movement Studies. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2022.2070737 JCR; Scopus

• Lopes, Luciana, Ribeiro, Norberto, & Malafaia, Carla (2022). Formação, cidadania e mercado de trabalho: Perspectivas de pessoas em formações subsidiadas. Curriculo Sem Fronteiras, 22, e1760.  http://dx.doi.org/10.35786/1645-1384.v22.1760 JCR; Scopus

• Malafaia, Carla, Neves, Tiago, & Menezes, Isabel (2021). The gap between youth and politics: youngsters outside the regular school system assessing the conditions for be(com)ing political subjects. YOUNG, 29(5), 437-455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1103308820987996 JCR; Scopus

• Malafaia, Carla, Ferreira, Pedro D., & Menezes, Isabel (2021). Democratic citizenship-in-the-making: dis/engagement profiles of Portuguese youth. Frontiers in Political Science, 3, 743428. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.743428

• Soares, Ricardo, Ferreira, Pedro D., & Malafaia, Carla (2021). Perfis de envolvimento cívico e político juvenil nas redes sociais: Explorando atitudes e comportamentos [Profiles of youth civic and political participation in social media: exploring attitudes and behaviours]. Configurações: Revista de Ciências Sociais, 27, 39-55. https://doi.org/10.4000/configuracoes.11850

• Piedade, Filipe, Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Loff, Manuel, Menezes, Isabel, & Neves, Tiago (2021). A cidadania europeia na escola: Complementando o currículo [European citizenship in school: supplementing the curriculum]. Educação e Pesquisa (Brazil), 47, e230371. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-4634202147230371 Wos; Scopus

• Marques, Rita Ruivo, Malafaia, Carla, Faria, Joaquim L., & Menezes, Isabel (2020). Using online tools in participatory research with adolescents to promote civic engagement and environmental mobilization: The WaterCircle (WC) project. Environmental Education Research, 26(7), 1043-1059. doi:10.1080/13504622.2020.1776845 JCR; Scopus

• Piedade, Filipe, Malafaia, Carla, Neves, Tiago, Loff, Manuel, & Menezes, Isabel (2020). Educating critical citizens? Portuguese teachers and students’ visions of critical thinking at school. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 37, 100690 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100690 JCR; Scopus

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Neves, Tiago, & Menezes, Isabel (2019). Immigration and the ambivalence of the school: Between exclusion and inclusion of migrant youth. Urban Education, 54(9), 1290-1318. doi:10.1177/0042085916641172 JCR; Scopus

• Cruz, Joana P., Malafaia, Carla, Silva, José Eduardo, & Menezes, Isabel (2019). The use of Theatre of the Oppressed in the classroom: Engaging students in a critical active European citizenship project. The Educational Forum, 83(4), 365-382. doi:10.1080/00131725.2019.1626518 JCR; Scopus

• Cruz, Joana P., Malafaia, Carla, Menezes, Isabel, Silva, José Eduardo, & Piedade, Filipe (2019). Promuovere la cittadinanza europea attiva dei giovani: Un intervento partecipativo sulla politicizzazione delle preoccupazioni sociali dei giovani [Promoting young people's active European citizenship: A participatory intervention on the politicization of young people's social concerns]. Psicologia di Comunita, 1, 69-89. doi:10.3280/PSC2019-001006

• Malafaia, Carla, Luhtakallio, Eeva, Menezes, Isabel, & Neves, Tiago (2018). Being civic while disavowing politics: An ethnography of a youth NGO in Portugal. Current Sociology, 66(5), 769-787. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392117704243 JCR; Scopus

• Malafaia, Carla, Menezes, Isabel, & Neves, Tiago (2018). Living, doing, and learning from politics in a youth wing of a political party. The Qualitative Report, 23(1), 49-79. WoS; Scopus

• Malafaia, Carla, Neves, Tiago, & Menezes, Isabel (2017). In-between fatalism and leverage: The different effects of socioeconomic variables on students’ civic and political experiences and literacy. Journal of Social Science Education, 16(1), 43-55. doi:10.2390/jsse-v16-i1-1587. Scopus

• Malafaia, Carla, Teixeira, Pedro M., Neves, Tiago, & Menezes, Isabel (2016). Linking learning contexts: The relationship between students’ civic and political experiences and their self-regulation in school. Frontiers in Psychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00575. JCR ; Scopus

• Malafaia, Carla, Neves, Tiago, & Menezes, Isabel (2016). Os cidadãos continuam a ter direito à democracia: Discursos de jovens estudantes sobre as manifestações anti-austeridade em Portugal. Educação, Sociedade & Culturas, 49, 51-71.

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Neves, Tiago, Ferreira, Pedro D., & Menezes, Isabel (2015). Constraints and opportunities for civic and political participation: Perceptions of young people from immigrant and non-immigrant background in Portugal. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(6), 685-705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2014.992307. JCR ; Scopus

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Neves, Tiago, & Menezes, Isabel (2014). Europe as a beacon of democracy?: Citizenship policies relating to youth and migrants in Portugal. Journal of Civil Society, 10(1), 51-68. doi:10.1080/17448689.2014.895605. Scopus

• Malafaia, Carla, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Ribeiro, Norberto, Neves, Tiago, Coimbra, Joaquim, & Menezes, Isabel (2013). Civic and political e-participation of young immigrants: ‘Digital hope’ for inclusion?. International Journal of E-Politics, 4(1), 32-49.

• Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Malafaia, Carla, Ferreira, Pedro D., Cicognani, Elvira, & Menezes, Isabel (2012). The many faces of Hermes: The quality of participation experiences and political attitudes of migrant and non-migrant youth. Human Affairs, 22, 434-447. doi:10.2478/s13374-012-0035-y. Scopus

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Neves, Tiago, Ferreira, Pedro D., & Menezes, Isabel (2012). Education and citizenship: Redemption or disempowerment? A study of Portuguese-speaking migrant (and non-migrant) youth in Portugal. Power and Education, 4(2), 207-218.

• Malafaia, Carla, & Santos, Sofia A. (2011). O método auto-biográfico: Uma proposta educativa em tempo prisional. Ousar Integrar: Revista de Reinserção Social, 10, 85-9.

Books

• Menezes, Isabel, Malafaia, Carla, & Ferreira, Pedro Daniel (Coords). (2022). Reinventar a cidadania europeia de jovens: As escolas como espaços de educação política. CIIE/FPCEUP. ISBN 978-989-8471-29-1.

• Menezes, Isabel, Ribeiro, Norberto, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Malafaia, Carla, & Ferreira, Pedro D. (Eds.). (2012). Agência e participação cívica e política: Jovens e imigrantes na construção da democracia. Porto: Livpsic.

• Neves, Tiago, & Malafaia, Carla (2012). Gestão de conflitos: Uma experiência, um guia. Porto: Livpsic.

Book chapters

• Cruz, Joana P., Malafaia, Carla, Silva, José Eduardo, & Menezes, Isabel (2020). Between emotion and reason: The role of affective networks and events in sustaining the daily experience of environmental activism. In Sakuntala Banaji & Sam Mejías (Eds.), Youth active citizenship in Europe: Ethnographies of participation (pp. 89-119, ISBN 978-3-030-35793-1). London: Palgrave MacMillan. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35794-8

• Menezes, Isabel, Ferreira, Pedro D., Ribeiro, Norberto, & Malafaia, Carla (2019). Schools as democracy labs. In Alexandra Hanna Licht, Irene Pateraki, & Santi Scimeca (Eds.), If not in schools, where?: Learn and practice: Democracy with eTwinning (pp. 11-13, ISBN 978-92-9484-061-5). Brussels: Central Support Service of eTwinning.

• Saldanha, Lucinda, Pinto, Maeta, Malafaia, Carla, & Ferreira, Pedro D. (2019). Unmanned. In Karen Schrier (Ed.), Learning, education & games, vol. 3: 100 games to use in the classroom and beyond (pp. 458-488, ISBN 978-0-359-98401-5). Pittsburgh: ETC Press, Canegie Mellon University. doi:10.1184/R1/10557950

• Neves, Tiago, & Malafaia, Carla (2015). ‘You study people… that’s ugly!’: The implications of ethnographic deceptions for the ethnographer’s ethics. In Kalwant Bhopal & Ross Deuchar (Eds.), Researching marginalized groups (ISBN 978-1-13-882403-4, pp. 50-61). London & New York: Taylor and Francis. Scopus

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Ferreira, Pedro D., Malafaia, Carla, & Menezes, Isabel (2015). The 'Europeanization' of gender policies in Portugal: Transformations in women’s access to civil, political and social rights. In M. Barrett & B. Zani (Eds.), Political and civic participation: Theories and findings from the PIDOP Project (pp. 403-419). London: Routledge.

• Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Malafaia, Carla, Ribeiro, Norberto, & Menezes, Isabel (2015). Participation among youth, women, and migrants: Findings from Portugal. In M. Barrett, & B. Zani (Eds.), Political and civic participation: Theories and Findings from the PIDOP Project (pp. 311-333). London: Routledge.

• Malafaia, Carla (2012). Formação em gestão de conflitos com uma associação juvenil. In Tiago Neves & Carla Malafaia (Orgs.), Gestão de conflitos: Uma experiência, um guia (pp. 50-68). Porto: Livpsic.

• Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Malafaia, Carla, Ribeiro, Norberto, Ferreira, Pedro D., Coimbra, Joaquim, & Menezes, Isabel (2012). Diversidade e participação cívica e política. In Isabel Menezes, Carla Malafaia, Maria Fernandes-Jesus, Norberto Ribeiro, & Pedro D. Ferreira (Eds.), Agência e participação cívica e política: Jovens e imigrantes na construção da democracia (pp. 95-143). Porto: Livpsic.

• Malafaia, Carla, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Ribeiro, Norberto, Neves, Tiago, Fonseca, Laura, & Menezes, Isabel (2012). Perspectivas e subjetividades sobre a participação política e cívica: Jovens, família e escola. In Isabel Menezes, Carla Malafaia, Maria Fernandes-Jesus, Norberto Ribeiro, & Pedro D. Ferreira (Eds.), Agência e participação cívica e política: Jovens e imigrantes na construção da democracia (pp. 59-94). Porto: Livpsic.

• Menezes, Isabel, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Ribeiro, Norberto, & Malafaia, Carla (2012). Agência e participação cívica e política de jovens. In Isabel Menezes, Carla Malafaia, Maria Fernandes-Jesus, Norberto Ribeiro, & Pedro D. Ferreira (Eds.), Agência e participação cívica e política: Jovens e imigrantes na construção da democracia (pp. 9-26). Porto: Livpsic.

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Silva, Sofia M., Araújo, Helena C., & Menezes, Isabel (2012). Análise das políticas de imigração: O papel das estruturas e oportunidades políticas na participação e integração dos imigrantes. In Isabel Menezes, Carla Malafaia, Maria Fernandes-Jesus, Norberto Ribeiro, & Pedro D. Ferreira (Eds.), Agência e participação cívica e política: Jovens e imigrantes na construção da democracia (pp. 27-57): Porto: Livpsic.

Papers in conference proceedings

• Malafaia, Carla, Menezes, Isabel, & Neves, Tiago (2014). O desempenho escolar de jovens portugueses: Um estudo comparativo entre escolas públicas e privadas, em contexto rural e urbano. In Benedita Portugal Melo, Ana Matias Diogo, Manuela Ferreira, João Teixeira Lopes, & Elias Evangelista Gomes (Eds.), Entre crise e euforia: Práticas e políticas educativas no Brasil e em Portugal (pp. 919-945, ISBN 978-989-8648-40-2). Porto: Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Letras.

• Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Menezes, Isabel, Fonseca, Laura, & Neves, Tiago (2010). Civic and political participation of young people in Portugal: Opportunities and constraints. In Proceedings of the CRONEM 6th Annual Conference 2010. Surrey: University of Surrey. Available at http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2576/2/Porto6_paper1.pdf

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Neves, Tiago, & Menezes, Isabel (2010). Educational intervention, immigration and citizenship: From normative discourses to young people perspective. In Deontology, Ethics and Values in Education: Utopia and Reality. Lisboa: Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa.

• Malafaia, Carla (2010). Formação em gestão de conflitos com uma associação juvenil. In C. Nogueira, I. Silva, L. Lima, A. T. Almeida, R. Cabecinhas, R. Gomes, C. Machado, A. Maia, A. Sampaio, & M. C. Taveira (Eds.), Actas do VII Simpósio Nacional de Investigação em Psicologia (pp. 881-893). Available at http://www.actassnip2010.com

Reports

• Malafaia, Carla, Ferreira, Pedro Daniel, & Menezes, Isabel (February, 2018). Understanding the role of school education on promoting active citizenship. Blue Paper ‘School Civic Education’ (D6.4).

• Malafaia, Carla, Piedade, Filipe, Ferreira, Pedro Daniel, Loff, Manuel, & Menezes, Isabel (2018). School National Reports. WP6 final report (D6.2).

• Piedade, Filipe, Malafaia, Carla, Menezes, Isabel (2018). WP6 National Report – Portugal (D6.2).

• Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, & Menezes, Isabel (2012). Full technical report of the methods and findings of phase three of WP6: Final report (PIDOP Task 6.11). Porto: Universidade do Porto.

• Menezes, Isabel, Lyons, E., Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, & Devaney, L. (2012). Final report of WP6: Processes in the co-construction of citizenship in different life contexts (PIDOP Deliverable nº 36). Porto: Universidade do Porto.

Other publications

• Coelho, Dalila P., Malafaia, Carla, Ribeiro, Norberto, Amorim, José Pedro, Medina, Teresa, Caramelo, João, & Menezes, Isabel (2021). Educação para a cidadania global no ensino superior: Experiências e implicações da dimensão co-curricular. In Livro de resumos do IV Seminário Internacional Educação, territórios e desenvolvimento humano” / 4th International Seminar "Education, Territories and Human Development" (pp. 69-70). Porto: Faculdade de Educação e Psicologia da Universidade Católica Portuguesa. https://www.fep.porto.ucp.pt/sites/default/files/files/FEP/Seminarios_Educacao/Livro-de-resumos-SIETDH-2.pdf

• Coelho, Dalila P., Malafaia, Carla, Ribeiro, Norberto, Amorim, José Pedro, Medina, Teresa, Caramelo, João, & Menezes, Isabel (2021). Global Education and the co-curricular dimension in higher education: Experiences and implications. In ANGEL Conference 2021 Pedagogy of hope and global social justice (p. 20). UCL Institute of Education, UK. https://angel-network.net/sites/default/files/Abstract%20book%20FULL_2.pdf

• Malafaia, Carla (2020, June). Ativismo climático em Portugal (Dalila P. Coelho, Interviewer). Sinergias: Diálogos Educativos Para a Transformação Social, 10(special issue "Educação para o Desenvolvimento e para a Cidadania Global na Agenda 2030: Aprendizagens e Desafios para a Colaboração entre Atores”), 179-194.

• Araújo, Helena C. (Ed.), Mouraz, Ana, Malafaia, Carla, Menino, Conceição, Macedo, Eunice, Temudo, Eva, Many, Éric, Barbieri, Helena, Lúcio, Joana, Caldas, José, Brandão, Maria João, Gomes, Maria do Céu, Ribeiro, Norberto, Ferreira, Pedro D., Pais, Sofia, & Dias, Teresa (2012). Applied interculturality research in education: Abstract book. Porto: CIIE/Livpsic.

Theses

• Malafaia, Carla (2017). Living and doing politics: An educational travelongue through meanings, processes and effects (Tese de doutoramento). FPCEUP, Porto, Portugal.

• Malafaia, Carla (2011). Social capital and economic capital in a ‘school of democracy’: A comparative study between the International Amnesty in Portugal and in Sweden (Dissertação de mestrado). FPCEUP, Porto, Portugal.

PAPER PRESENTATIONS IN SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS

• Malafaia, Carla, Neves, Tiago, & Menezes, Isabel (2014, March). Novos desafios à democracia: O olhar dos jovens de hoje e a sua literacia política. Congresso Portugal 40 Anos de Democracia. FPCEUP, Porto, Portugal.

• Malafaia, Carla, Monteiro, H., Neves, Tiago, Marques da Silva, Sofia, & Ferreira, Pedro (2013, June). Video games and civic education: Exploring the relationship between game experience and civic engagement. Children’s Identity & Citizenhship in Europe (CiCe), “Controversy, Crisis and Challenges”. Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

• Neves, Tiago, & Malafaia, Carla (2013, January). Comunity mediation: Projects and (in)visibilities. Contexts and Practices of Mediation. Instituto de Educação da Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.

• Malafaia, Carla, Ribeiro, Norberto, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Coimbra, J. L., Ferreira, Pedro, & Menezes, Isabel (2012). The interaction between cultural capital and ethnic background in civic and political participation. 13th Biennal Conference of the European Association for Research on Adolescence. Korgialenios Anargyrios School, Island of Spetses, Greece.

• Malafaia, Carla, Ribeiro, Norberto, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Neves, Tiago, Coimbra, J. L., & Menezes, Isabel (2012, June). Digital divide or inclusive political participation? The e-participation of young migrants and non-migrants in Portugal. IV International Conference of Community Psychology, ‘Comunity & Politics in a World in Crisis: Rethinking Community Action in the new Century’. Barcelona, Espanha.

• Malafaia, Carla, Ribeiro, Norberto, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Neves, Tiago, Ferreira, Pedro, & Menezes, Isabel (2012, April). Different experiences, different quality? The impact of quality of participation experiences of Portuguese, Brazilians and Angolans young people. PIDOP Conference, “Political and Civic Participation”. University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom.

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Neves, Tiago, Coimbra, J. L., & Menezes, Isabel (2012, April). The gap between ‘rhetoric’ and ‘reality’: The Portuguese immigration policies and the visions of associations’ leaders and young Angolans. PIDOP Conference, “Political and Civic Participation”. University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom.

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Neves, Tiago, Coimbra, J. L., & Menezes Isabel (2012, April). Predictors of civic and political participation of young Angolans, Brazilians and Portuguese: Are there differences?. PIDOP Conference, “Political and Civic Participation”. University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom.

• Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Coimbra, J. L., & Menezes Isabel (2012, April). Explaining women’s civic and political participation: The role of political, social and psychological factors. PIDOP Conference, “Political and Civic Participation”. University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom.

• Malafaia, Carla, Ribeiro, Norberto, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Fonseca, Laura, & Menezes, Isabel (2011, May). Equal opportunities and participation: What relationship?. PIDOP Conference, “Engaged Citizens? Political Participation and Civic Engagement Among Youth, Women, Minorities and Migrants”. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Silva, Sofia Marques, Araújo, Helena Costa, & Neves, Tiago (2011, May). The institutional discourses and policies of immigration in Portugal. PIDOP Conference, “Engaged Citizens? Political Participation and Civic Engagement Among Youth, Women, Minorities and Migrants”. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

• Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Coimbra, J. L., & Menezes, Isabel (2011, May). Generational differences and gender gap: Preliminary conclusions. PIDOP Conference, “Engaged Citizens? Political Participation and Civic Engagement Among Youth, Women, Minorities and Migrants”. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Neves, Tiago, & Menezes, Isabel (2011, January). As políticas de imigração em Portugal e os padrões e as tendências migratórias: O caso dos angolanos. Globalocal Citizenship Conference. Escola Superior de Educação de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

• Malafaia, Carla, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Ribeiro, Norberto, Neves, Tiago, & Menezes, Isabel (2011, January). Concepções de cidadania: O ponto de vista de jovens imigrantes e jovens nacionais. Globalocal Citizenship Conference. Escola Superior de Educação de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

• Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Menezes, Isabel, & Neves, Tiago (2010, June). Opportunities and constraints for civic and political engagement of young immigrants: The cases of Angolans and Brazilians in Portugal. 6th Annual Conference Living Together: Civic, Political and Cultural Engagement Among Migrants, Minorities and National Populations: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Centre for Research on Nationalism, Ethnicity and Multiculturalism (CRONEM), University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom.

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Fernandes-Jesus, Maria, Malafaia, Carla, Silva, Sofia Marques, & Araújo, Helena Costa (2010, July). Immigrants’ place in the institutional discourses in Portugal. 6th Annual Conference Living Together: Civic, Political and Cultural Engagement Among Migrants, Minorities and National Populations: Multidisciplinary Perspective. Centre for Research on Nationalism, Ethnicity and Multiculturalism (CRONEM), University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom.

• Ribeiro, Norberto, Malafaia, Carla, Menezes, Isabel, & Neves, Tiago (2010, February). As perspectivas de jovens imigrantes angolanos em diálogo com as políticas de Imigração: Uma análise preliminar. XVIII Colóquio da secção portuguesa da AFIRSE/AIPELF: Deontologia, Ética e Valores na Educação: Utopia e Realidade. Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

• Malafaia, Carla (2010, May). Uma experiência de formação em gestão de conflitos com uma associação juvenil. FPCEUP, Porto, Portugal.

• Malafaia, Carla (2010, February). Formação em gestão de conflitos com uma associação juvenil. VII Simpósio Nacional de Investigação em Psicologia. Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.

• Neves, Tiago, & Malafaia, Carla (2009, September). Ethnografic deceptions. 9ª Conferência da Associação Europeia de Sociologia, “European Society or European Societies?”. Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Lisboa, Portugal.